/*
*
* Copyright (C) 2005 John Ashley Burgoyne and Ichiro Fujinaga
*               2007 Uma Kompella and Christoph Dalitz
*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
* under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
* Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option)
* any later version.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
* ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for
* more details.
* 
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
* with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59
* Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
*/

/*
 niblack_threshold

 Creates a binary image using Niblack's adaptive algorithm.
  
 Niblack, W. 1986. *An Introduction to Digital Image Processing.* Englewood
 Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
	
 Like the QGAR library, there are two extra global thresholds for
 the lightest and darkest regions.
	  
 *region_size* : default = 15
 The size of the region in which to calculate a threshold.
	
 *sensitivity* : default = -0.2
 The sensitivity weight on the variance.
		  
 *lower bound* : range=(0,255), default=20
 A global threshold beneath which all pixels are considered black.
			
 *upper bound* : range=(0,255), default=150
 A global threshold above which all pixels are considered white.
*/

// This algorithm was taken from the gamera.sf.net sourcecodes
// and adopted for the FreeImage library
//
//	Copyright (C) 2007-2008:
//	monday2000	monday2000@yandex.ru

#include "FreeImage.h"
#include "Utilities.h"

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

inline void SetPixel(BYTE *bits, unsigned x, BYTE* value)
{   // this function is simplified from FreeImage_SetPixelIndex
	
	*value ? bits[x >> 3] |= (0x80 >> (x & 0x7)) : bits[x >> 3] &= (0xFF7F >> (x & 0x7));
}

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

void mean_filter(FIBITMAP* src_dib, int region_size, double* p_mean)
{
	unsigned width = FreeImage_GetWidth(src_dib);
	
	unsigned height = FreeImage_GetHeight(src_dib);
	
	unsigned pitch = FreeImage_GetPitch(src_dib);
	
	unsigned bpp = FreeImage_GetBPP(src_dib);
	
	unsigned x, y, i, j;
	
	int k_index;
	
	BYTE* src_bits = (BYTE*)FreeImage_GetBits(src_dib); // The image raster
	
	BYTE* src_end_row = src_bits + (height-1) * pitch;
	
	int end_col = width - 1;
	
	BYTE* lines, *linek;
	
	int sum;
	
	unsigned area = region_size * region_size;
	
	
	for (y = 0; y < height; y++)
	{
		lines = src_bits + y * pitch;
		
		for (x = 0; x < width; x++)
		{
			sum = 0;
			
			// kernel processing
			for (i = 0; i < region_size; i++)
				for (j = 0; j < region_size; j++)
				{					
					linek = lines + (i-1) * pitch;
					
					if (linek < src_bits) linek = src_bits;
					if (linek > src_end_row) linek = src_end_row;
					
					k_index = x+j-1;
					
					if (k_index < 0) k_index = 0;
					if (k_index > end_col) k_index = end_col;
					
					sum += linek[k_index];
				}
				
				p_mean[y*width+x] = (double)sum / area;
		}
	}
}

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

void variance_filter(FIBITMAP* src_dib, int region_size, double* p_mean, double* p_var)
{
	unsigned width = FreeImage_GetWidth(src_dib);
	
	unsigned height = FreeImage_GetHeight(src_dib);
	
	unsigned pitch = FreeImage_GetPitch(src_dib);
	
	unsigned bpp = FreeImage_GetBPP(src_dib);
	
	unsigned y, x, i, j;
	
	int k_index;
	
	BYTE* src_bits = (BYTE*)FreeImage_GetBits(src_dib); // The image raster
	
	BYTE* src_end_row = src_bits + (height-1) * pitch;
	
	int end_col = width - 1;
	
	BYTE* lines, *linek;
	
	int sum;
	
	unsigned area = region_size * region_size;
	
	
	for (y = 0; y < height; y++)
	{
		lines = src_bits + y * pitch;
		
		for (x = 0; x < width; x++)
		{
			sum = 0;
			
			// kernel processing
			for (i = 0; i < region_size; i++)
				for (j = 0; j < region_size; j++)
				{					
					linek = lines + (i-1) * pitch;
					
					if (linek < src_bits) linek = src_bits;
					if (linek > src_end_row) linek = src_end_row;
					
					k_index = x+j-1;
					
					if (k_index < 0) k_index = 0;
					if (k_index > end_col) k_index = end_col;
					
					sum += linek[k_index]*linek[k_index];
				}				
				
				p_var[y*width+x] = (double)sum / area - p_mean[y*width+x] * p_mean[y*width+x];				
		}
	}
}

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

FIBITMAP* ProcessFilter(FIBITMAP* src_dib, int region_size,
						double sensitivity, int lower_bound, int upper_bound)
{
	unsigned width = FreeImage_GetWidth(src_dib);
	
	unsigned height = FreeImage_GetHeight(src_dib);
	
	unsigned src_pitch = FreeImage_GetPitch(src_dib);
	
	unsigned bpp = FreeImage_GetBPP(src_dib);
	
	FIBITMAP* dst_dib = FreeImage_Allocate(width, height, 1);
	
	// Build a monochrome palette
	RGBQUAD *pal = FreeImage_GetPalette(dst_dib);
	pal[0].rgbRed = pal[0].rgbGreen = pal[0].rgbBlue = 0;
	pal[1].rgbRed = pal[1].rgbGreen = pal[1].rgbBlue = 255;
	
	unsigned dst_pitch = FreeImage_GetPitch(dst_dib);
	
	BYTE* src_bits = (BYTE*)FreeImage_GetBits(src_dib); // The image raster
	
	BYTE* dst_bits = (BYTE*)FreeImage_GetBits(dst_dib); // The image raster
	
	BYTE* lines, *lined;
	
	unsigned x, y;
	
	BYTE mean;
	
	double deviation;
	
	int threshold;
	
	BYTE val;	
	
	int int_size = height*width*sizeof(double);
	
	double* p_mean = (double*)malloc(int_size);
	double* p_var = (double*)malloc(int_size);
	
	memset(p_mean,0,int_size);
	memset(p_var,0,int_size);
	
	mean_filter(src_dib, region_size, p_mean);
	
	variance_filter(src_dib, region_size, p_mean, p_var);
	
	
    for (y = 0; y < height; y++)
	{
		lines = src_bits + y * src_pitch;
		
		lined = dst_bits + y * dst_pitch;
		
        for (x = 0; x < width; x++)
		{
			mean = p_mean[y*width+x];
			
			deviation = sqrt(p_var[y*width+x]);            
			
			if (lines[x] < lower_bound) val = 0;
			
			else if (lines[x] > upper_bound) val = 255;
			
			else
			{				
				threshold = (int)mean + sensitivity * deviation;
				
				val = (BYTE) ( ( lines[x] >= threshold ) ? 255 : 0 );
			}
			
			SetPixel(lined, x, &val);
        }
    }
	
	// Copying the DPI...
	
	FreeImage_SetDotsPerMeterX(dst_dib, FreeImage_GetDotsPerMeterX(src_dib));
	
	FreeImage_SetDotsPerMeterY(dst_dib, FreeImage_GetDotsPerMeterY(src_dib));
	
	free(p_mean);
	
	free(p_var);
	
	return dst_dib;
}

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/**
FreeImage error handler
@param fif Format / Plugin responsible for the error 
@param message Error message
*/
void FreeImageErrorHandler(FREE_IMAGE_FORMAT fif, const char *message) {
	printf("\n*** "); 
	printf("%s Format\n", FreeImage_GetFormatFromFIF(fif));
	printf(message);
	printf(" ***\n");
}

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

/** Generic image loader

  @param lpszPathName Pointer to the full file name
  @param flag Optional load flag constant
  @return Returns the loaded dib if successful, returns NULL otherwise
*/

FIBITMAP* GenericLoader(const char* lpszPathName, int flag)
{	
	FREE_IMAGE_FORMAT fif = FIF_UNKNOWN;
	// check the file signature and deduce its format
	// (the second argument is currently not used by FreeImage)
	
	fif = FreeImage_GetFileType(lpszPathName, 0);
	
	FIBITMAP* dib;
	
	if(fif == FIF_UNKNOWN)
	{
		// no signature ?
		// try to guess the file format from the file extension
		fif = FreeImage_GetFIFFromFilename(lpszPathName);
	}
	
	// check that the plugin has reading capabilities ...
	if((fif != FIF_UNKNOWN) && FreeImage_FIFSupportsReading(fif))
	{
		// ok, let's load the file
		dib = FreeImage_Load(fif, lpszPathName, flag);
		
		// unless a bad file format, we are done !
		if (!dib)
		{
			printf("%s%s%s\n","File \"", lpszPathName, "\" not found.");
			return NULL;
		}
	}	
	
	return dib;
}

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
	
	// call this ONLY when linking with FreeImage as a static library
#ifdef FREEIMAGE_LIB
	FreeImage_Initialise();
#endif // FREEIMAGE_LIB
	
	// initialize your own FreeImage error handler
	
	FreeImage_SetOutputMessage(FreeImageErrorHandler);
	
	if(argc != 6) {
		printf("Usage : nib_thres <input_file> <region_size (int)> <sensitivity (double)> <lower_bound (int)> <upper_bound (int)>\n");
		return 0;
	}
	
	FIBITMAP *dib = GenericLoader(argv[1], 0);
	
	int region_size = atoi(argv[2]);
	
	double sensitivity = atof(argv[3]);
	
	int lower_bound = atoi(argv[4]);
	
	int upper_bound = atoi(argv[5]);
	
	if (dib)
	{		
		// bitmap is successfully loaded!
		
		if (FreeImage_GetImageType(dib) == FIT_BITMAP)
		{
			if (FreeImage_GetBPP(dib) == 8)
			{
				FIBITMAP* dst_dib = ProcessFilter(dib, region_size, sensitivity, lower_bound, upper_bound);
				
				if (dst_dib)
				{					
					// save the filtered bitmap
					const char *output_filename = "filtered.tif";
					
					// first, check the output format from the file name or file extension
					FREE_IMAGE_FORMAT out_fif = FreeImage_GetFIFFromFilename(output_filename);
					
					if(out_fif != FIF_UNKNOWN)
					{
						// then save the file
						FreeImage_Save(out_fif, dst_dib, output_filename, 0);
					}
					
					// free the loaded FIBITMAP
					FreeImage_Unload(dst_dib);					
				}
			}
			
			else
				
				printf("%s\n", "Unsupported color mode.");
		}
		
		else // non-FIT_BITMAP images are not supported.
			
			printf("%s\n", "Unsupported color mode.");
		
		FreeImage_Unload(dib);
	}	 
	
	// call this ONLY when linking with FreeImage as a static library
#ifdef FREEIMAGE_LIB
	FreeImage_DeInitialise();
#endif // FREEIMAGE_LIB
	
	return 0;
}